2035Legitimacy
Towards a fair carbon neutral welfare state.
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Finland’s goal is to be the world’s first carbon neutral welfare state by 2035.
Finland’s ambitious goal to be a carbon neutral welfare state is achievable, but to be a success, it requires significant changes in Finnish society.
The 2035Legitimacy project explores the legitimacy of Finland’s 2035 carbon neutrality target and its societal implications.
The project builds on the idea that the carbon neutrality target cannot be imposed on a democratic welfare state; instead, it requires widespread social acceptability and support from various actors. Our goal is to identify ways to enhance the legitimacy of climate policies, especially in the eyes of individual citizens.
The issues we explore include the fairness and legitimacy of climate policies in general, the impacts on employment and income distribution from the perspective of individuals, households, and businesses, as well as legal barriers and opportunities for public engagement in climate policy processes.
The project also explores how the key climate policy decisions made at international and EU level influence Finland’s climate policy, and how climate science can be used to examine the climate impacts of Finland’s carbon neutrality policy and the building of legitimacy.
The project is funded by the Academy of Finland’s Strategic Research Council.
Our latest blogs:
- Event report – The EU and the Aarhus Convention: Taking Stock of Progress Towards Environmental Democracy
Published: 6 November 2025. Written by: Nicola Sharman, Doctoral Researcher, University of… Lue lisää »Event report – The EU and the Aarhus Convention: Taking Stock of Progress Towards Environmental Democracy - 35 vuotta YK:n ilmastoneuvotteluja, 30 COP-kokousta ja 10 vuotta Pariisin sopimusta: mitä on saavutettu, mitä seuraavaksi?
Julkaistu: 6.11.2025. Kirjoittanut: Kati Kulovesi YK:n ilmastokonferenssi, tuttavallisesti COP*, kokoontuu tänä vuonna… Lue lisää »35 vuotta YK:n ilmastoneuvotteluja, 30 COP-kokousta ja 10 vuotta Pariisin sopimusta: mitä on saavutettu, mitä seuraavaksi? - Effective EU advocacy through legalism? Finland’s legal arguments in negotiating the Social Climate Fund and Restoration Regulation
Published: 2 October 2025. Written by: Vellamo Jutila Recent research examines Finland’s… Lue lisää »Effective EU advocacy through legalism? Finland’s legal arguments in negotiating the Social Climate Fund and Restoration Regulation - EU-oikeuden kielestä legalismiin – Suomen oikeudelliset argumentit ennallistamisasetuksen ja sosiaalisen ilmastorahaston käsittelyssäJulkaistu 2.10.2025. Kirjoittanut: Vellamo Jutila Tuore tutkimus tarkastelee Suomen kannanmuodostusta ja oikeudellista… Lue lisää »EU-oikeuden kielestä legalismiin – Suomen oikeudelliset argumentit ennallistamisasetuksen ja sosiaalisen ilmastorahaston käsittelyssä
- The International Court of Justice and Climate Change
Date: 10 October 2025, Time: 15:00-16:45 + afterwork reception, Location: University of Helsinki Main Building,… Lue lisää »The International Court of Justice and Climate Change